{"id":19760,"date":"2025-05-10T13:47:59","date_gmt":"2025-05-10T04:47:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/123210.net\/wordpress\/tatenaoshi\/?p=19760"},"modified":"2025-05-10T13:48:12","modified_gmt":"2025-05-10T04:48:12","slug":"%e9%9b%bb%e7%a3%81%e5%a0%b4%e3%81%ae%e3%83%9b%e3%83%83%e3%82%b8%e5%88%86%e8%a7%a3%e3%81%97%e3%81%a6%e3%81%8f%e3%81%a0%e3%81%95%e3%81%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/123210.net\/wordpress\/tatenaoshi\/%e9%9b%bb%e7%a3%81%e5%a0%b4%e3%81%ae%e3%83%9b%e3%83%83%e3%82%b8%e5%88%86%e8%a7%a3%e3%81%97%e3%81%a6%e3%81%8f%e3%81%a0%e3%81%95%e3%81%84\/","title":{"rendered":"\u96fb\u78c1\u5834\u306e\u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3000\uff0f\u3000\u30d7\u30e9\u30ba\u30de"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u3054\u8cea\u554f\u3042\u308a\u304c\u3068\u3046\u3054\u3056\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff01\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\u306e\u6587\u8108\u3067\u3001\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\\mathbf{A}<\/code><\/div>\n

\u306e\u767a\u6563\u304c\u30bc\u30ed\u3067\u306a\u3044 (<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{A} \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

) \u3092\u4eee\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u96fb\u78c1\u5834\u306e\u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3\u3092\u884c\u3046\u65b9\u6cd5\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u96fb\u5834 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\\mathbf{E}<\/code><\/div>\n

\u3068\u78c1\u5834 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\\mathbf{B}<\/code><\/div>\n

\u306e\u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3\u3092\u3001<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{A} \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u8003\u616e\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u884c\u3044\u3001\u7269\u7406\u7684\u610f\u5473\u3068\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\u306e\u7279\u6027\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u771f\u7a7a\u3067\u306e\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\u3092\u524d\u63d0\u306b\u3001\u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3\u306e\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u3001<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{A} \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u3001\u5fdc\u7528\u3092\u8a73\u3057\u304f\u89e3\u8aac\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
1. \u96fb\u78c1\u5834\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u8a2d\u5b9a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
\n

\u771f\u7a7a\u3067\u306e\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\u3092\u6271\u3044\u3001\u30de\u30af\u30b9\u30a6\u30a7\u30eb\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff08\u30ac\u30a6\u30b9\u5358\u4f4d\u7cfb\uff09\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u901a\u308a\uff1a <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{E} = 0, \\quad \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{B} = 0,<\/code><\/div>\n
\\nabla \\times \\mathbf{E} = -\\frac{1}{c} \\partial_t \\mathbf{B}, \\quad \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{B} = \\frac{1}{c} \\partial_t \\mathbf{E}.<\/code><\/div>\n

\u96fb\u5834 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\\mathbf{E}<\/code><\/div>\n

\u3068\u78c1\u5834 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\\mathbf{B}<\/code><\/div>\n

\u306f\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u3067\u8868\u73fe\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\uff1a <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\\mathbf{B} = \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{A}, \\quad \\mathbf{E} = -\\nabla \\phi - \\frac{1}{c} \\partial_t \\mathbf{A},<\/code><\/div>\n

\u3053\u3053\u3067 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\\phi<\/code><\/div>\n

\u306f\u30b9\u30ab\u30e9\u30fc\u5834\u3001<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\\mathbf{A}<\/code><\/div>\n

\u306f\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u3001\u30b2\u30fc\u30b8\u6761\u4ef6\uff08\u4f8b\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{A} = 0<\/code><\/div>\n

\uff09\u3092\u8ab2\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u4eca\u56de\u306f <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{A} \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

\u3092\u4eee\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{A} \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

\u306e\u610f\u5473<\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n
  • \n
    \n
    \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{A} \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

    \u306f\u3001<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \\mathbf{A}<\/code><\/div>\n

    \u306b\u767a\u6563\u6210\u5206\uff08\u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3\u306e\u52fe\u914d\u6210\u5206\uff09\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n
    \n

    \u30b2\u30fc\u30b8\u5909\u63db <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \\mathbf{A} \\to \\mathbf{A} + \\nabla \\chi<\/code><\/div>\n

    \u3067 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{A}<\/code><\/div>\n

    \u306f\u5909\u5316\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{A}' = \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{A} + \\Delta \\chi<\/code><\/div>\n

    \uff09\u3059\u308b\u304c\u3001<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \\mathbf{B} = \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{A}<\/code><\/div>\n

    \u306f\u4e0d\u5909\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n
    \n
    \\mathbf{E}<\/code><\/div>\n

    \u306f <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \\phi<\/code><\/div>\n

    \u3068 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \\partial_t \\mathbf{A}<\/code><\/div>\n

    \u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3057\u3001\u30b2\u30fc\u30b8\u5909\u63db\u3067\u8abf\u6574\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \n
    2. \u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3\u306e\u67a0\u7d44\u307f<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
    \n

    \u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3\u306f\u30013\u6b21\u5143\u30e6\u30fc\u30af\u30ea\u30c3\u30c9\u7a7a\u9593 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \\mathbb{R}^3<\/code><\/div>\n

    \u306e\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u5834 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \\mathbf{F}<\/code><\/div>\n

    \u3092\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5206\u89e3\u3057\u307e\u3059\uff1a <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \\mathbf{F} = \\nabla \\phi + \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{A},<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
      \n
    • \n
      \n
      \\nabla \\phi<\/code><\/div>\n

      \uff1a\u52fe\u914d\u5834\uff08\u56de\u8ee2\u30bc\u30ed\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      \\nabla \\times (\\nabla \\phi) = 0<\/code><\/div>\n

      \uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n
      \n
      \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{A}<\/code><\/div>\n

      \uff1a\u56de\u8ee2\u5834\uff08\u767a\u6563\u30bc\u30ed\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      \\nabla \\cdot (\\nabla \\times \\mathbf{A}) = 0<\/code><\/div>\n

      \uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n
      \n

      \u8abf\u548c\u6210\u5206\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{H} = 0, \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{H} = 0<\/code><\/div>\n

      \uff09\u306f\u3001<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      \\mathbb{R}^3<\/code><\/div>\n

      \u3067\u7121\u9650\u9060\u3067\u306e\u6e1b\u8870\u6761\u4ef6\u306b\u3088\u308a\u30bc\u30ed\u3068\u4eee\u5b9a\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \n

      \u96fb\u78c1\u5834\u306e\u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3\u3067\u306f\u3001<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      \\mathbf{E}, \\mathbf{B}, \\mathbf{A}<\/code><\/div>\n

      \u306b\u3053\u306e\u5206\u89e3\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3057\u3001<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{A} \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

      \u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u8003\u616e\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

      \n
      \n

      3. \u96fb\u78c1\u5834\u306e\u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{A} \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

      \u3092\u4eee\u5b9a\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

      \n

      (1) \u78c1\u5834 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      \\mathbf{B}<\/code><\/div>\n

      \u306e\u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

      \n

      \u78c1\u5834 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      \\mathbf{B}<\/code><\/div>\n

      \u306f <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      \\mathbf{B} = \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{A}<\/code><\/div>\n

      \u3067\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u3001\u30de\u30af\u30b9\u30a6\u30a7\u30eb\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3088\u308a <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{B} = 0<\/code><\/div>\n

      \uff1a <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      \\mathbf{B} = \\nabla \\phi_B + \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{A}_B.<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
        \n
      • \n
        \n
        \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{B} = 0<\/code><\/div>\n

        \u3088\u308a\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

        \\Delta \\phi_B = \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{B} = 0.<\/code><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      • \n
        \n
        \\phi_B<\/code><\/div>\n

        \u306f\u8abf\u548c\u95a2\u6570\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        \\Delta \\phi_B = 0<\/code><\/div>\n

        \uff09\u3002\u7121\u9650\u9060\u3067 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        \\mathbf{B}<\/code><\/div>\n

        \u304c\u6709\u9650\uff08\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\u306e\u6e1b\u8870\u6761\u4ef6\uff09\u306a\u3089\u3001<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        \\phi_B = 0<\/code><\/div>\n

        \u3068\u4eee\u5b9a\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n
        \u3088\u3063\u3066\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
        \\mathbf{B} = \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{A}_B.<\/code><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      • \n
        \n
        \\mathbf{B} = \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{A}<\/code><\/div>\n

        \u306a\u306e\u3067\u3001<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        \\mathbf{A}_B<\/code><\/div>\n

        \u306f <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        \\mathbf{A}<\/code><\/div>\n

        \u306b\u4e00\u81f4\uff08\u30b2\u30fc\u30b8\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u3092\u9664\u304f\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n
        \n
        \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{A} \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

        \u306e\u5f71\u97ff<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

          \n
        • \n
          \n
          \\mathbf{B}<\/code><\/div>\n

          \u81ea\u4f53\u306f <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{A}<\/code><\/div>\n

          \u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u305b\u305a\u3001\u56de\u8ee2\u6210\u5206\u306e\u307f\u3067\u69cb\u6210\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n
          \n
          \\mathbf{A}<\/code><\/div>\n

          \u306e\u767a\u6563\u306f <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          \\mathbf{B}<\/code><\/div>\n

          \u306e\u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3\u306b\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u97ff\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \n

          (2) \u96fb\u5834 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          \\mathbf{E}<\/code><\/div>\n

          \u306e\u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

          \n

          \u96fb\u5834 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          \\mathbf{E} = -\\nabla \\phi - \\frac{1}{c} \\partial_t \\mathbf{A}<\/code><\/div>\n

          \u306b\u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3\u3092\u9069\u7528\uff1a <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          \\mathbf{E} = \\nabla \\phi_E + \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{A}_E.<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
            \n
          • \n
            \n
            \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{E} = 0<\/code><\/div>\n

            \u3088\u308a\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

            \\Delta \\phi_E = \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{E} = 0.<\/code><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
          • \n
            \n
            \\phi_E = 0<\/code><\/div>\n

            \uff08\u7121\u9650\u9060\u3067\u6e1b\u8870\uff09\u3068\u4eee\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3068\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

            \\mathbf{E} = \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{A}_E.<\/code><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
          • \n
            \n
            \\mathbf{E} = -\\nabla \\phi - \\frac{1}{c} \\partial_t \\mathbf{A}<\/code><\/div>\n

            \u3092\u4ee3\u5165\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

            \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{A}_E = -\\nabla \\phi - \\frac{1}{c} \\partial_t \\mathbf{A}.<\/code><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
          • \n
            \n
            \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{A} \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

            \u306e\u5f71\u97ff<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

              \n
            • \n
              \n
              \\mathbf{A}<\/code><\/div>\n

              \u306b\u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3\u3092\u9069\u7528\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

              \\mathbf{A} = \\nabla \\psi + \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{W}.<\/code><\/div>\n
                \n
              • \n
                \n
                \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{A} = \\Delta \\psi \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                \uff08\u4eee\u5b9a\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

              • \n
                \n
                \\partial_t \\mathbf{A} = \\partial_t (\\nabla \\psi + \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{W}) = \\nabla (\\partial_t \\psi) + \\nabla \\times (\\partial_t \\mathbf{W})<\/code><\/div>\n

                .<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

              • \n
                \u3088\u3063\u3066\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                \\mathbf{E} = -\\nabla \\phi - \\frac{1}{c} \\nabla (\\partial_t \\psi) - \\frac{1}{c} \\nabla \\times (\\partial_t \\mathbf{W}).<\/code><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
              • \n
                \n

                \u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3\u306e <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                \\mathbf{E} = \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{A}_E<\/code><\/div>\n

                \u3088\u308a\u3001<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                \\mathbf{E}<\/code><\/div>\n

                \u306e\u56de\u8ee2\u6210\u5206\u306f\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

                \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{A}_E = -\\frac{1}{c} \\nabla \\times (\\partial_t \\mathbf{W}).<\/code><\/div>\n
                \n

                \u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                \\mathbf{A}_E = -\\frac{1}{c} \\partial_t \\mathbf{W} + \\nabla f<\/code><\/div>\n

                \uff08\u4efb\u610f\u306e\u30b9\u30ab\u30e9\u30fc <\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>f<\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

              • \n
                \n

                \u52fe\u914d\u6210\u5206\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                \\nabla \\phi + \\frac{1}{c} \\nabla (\\partial_t \\psi)<\/code><\/div>\n

                \uff09\u306f\u3001<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                \\mathbf{E}<\/code><\/div>\n

                \u306e\u767a\u6563\u30bc\u30ed\u6761\u4ef6\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{E} = 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                \uff09\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3059\u3088\u3046\u8abf\u6574\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

                \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{E} = -\\Delta \\phi - \\frac{1}{c} \\Delta (\\partial_t \\psi) = 0.<\/code><\/div>\n
                \n

                \u4f8b\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                \\Delta (\\phi + \\frac{1}{c} \\partial_t \\psi) = 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                \u306a\u3089\u3001<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                \\phi + \\frac{1}{c} \\partial_t \\psi = 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                \u3068\u4eee\u5b9a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                \u7d50\u8ad6<\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                  \n
                • \n
                  \n
                  \\mathbf{E}<\/code><\/div>\n

                  \u306f\u56de\u8ee2\u6210\u5206\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                  \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{A}_E<\/code><\/div>\n

                  \uff09\u3067\u652f\u914d\u3055\u308c\u3001\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\u306e\u6a2a\u6ce2\u6027\u3092\u53cd\u6620\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                • \n
                  \n
                  \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{A} \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                  \u306f\u3001<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                  \\mathbf{A}<\/code><\/div>\n

                  \u306e\u52fe\u914d\u6210\u5206\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                  \\nabla \\psi<\/code><\/div>\n

                  \uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u73fe\u308c\u3001<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                  \\mathbf{E}<\/code><\/div>\n

                  \u306e\u30b9\u30ab\u30e9\u30fc\u5834 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                  \\phi<\/code><\/div>\n

                  \u3068\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u3055\u3063\u3066\u8abf\u6574\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  \n

                  (3) \u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                  \\mathbf{A}<\/code><\/div>\n

                  \u306e\u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

                  \n
                  \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{A} \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                  \u3092\u4eee\u5b9a\u3057\u3001<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                  \\mathbf{A}<\/code><\/div>\n

                  \u3092\u5206\u89e3\uff1a <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                  \\mathbf{A} = \\nabla \\psi + \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{W}.<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                    \n
                  • \n
                    \n
                    \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{A} = \\Delta \\psi \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                    \u3001<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                    \\psi<\/code><\/div>\n

                    \u306f\u975e\u8abf\u548c\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                  • \n
                    \n
                    \\mathbf{B} = \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{A} = \\nabla \\times (\\nabla \\times \\mathbf{W})<\/code><\/div>\n

                    \u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                  • \n
                    \u7269\u7406\u7684\u610f\u5473<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                      \n
                    • \n
                      \n
                      \\nabla \\psi<\/code><\/div>\n

                      \uff1a\u30b2\u30fc\u30b8\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u3057\u3001<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                      \\mathbf{B}<\/code><\/div>\n

                      \u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                    • \n
                      \n
                      \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{W}<\/code><\/div>\n

                      \uff1a\u78c1\u5834 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                      \\mathbf{B}<\/code><\/div>\n

                      \u306e\u56de\u8ee2\u6210\u5206\u3092\u751f\u6210\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                    • \n
                      \n
                      \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{A} \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                      \u306f\u3001<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                      \\psi<\/code><\/div>\n

                      \u306e\u975e\u30bc\u30ed\u306e\u767a\u6563\u3092\u8a31\u3057\u3001\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u306e\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u3092\u53cd\u6620\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      \n
                      \n

                      4. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                      \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{A} \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                      \u306e\u5f71\u97ff<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

                        \n
                      • \n
                        \u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\u306e\u6a2a\u6ce2\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                          \n
                        • \n
                          \n
                          \\mathbf{E}, \\mathbf{B}<\/code><\/div>\n

                          \u306f\u767a\u6563\u30bc\u30ed\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                          \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{E} = 0, \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{B} = 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                          \uff09\u3067\u3001\u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3\u306e\u56de\u8ee2\u6210\u5206\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                          \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{A}_E, \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{A}_B<\/code><\/div>\n

                          \uff09\u304c\u652f\u914d\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                        • \n
                          \n
                          \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{A} \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                          \u306f\u3001<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                          \\mathbf{A}<\/code><\/div>\n

                          \u306e\u52fe\u914d\u6210\u5206\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                          \\nabla \\psi<\/code><\/div>\n

                          \uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u73fe\u308c\u308b\u304c\u3001<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                          \\mathbf{E}, \\mathbf{B}<\/code><\/div>\n

                          \u306e\u7269\u7406\u7684\u30e2\u30fc\u30c9\uff08\u6a2a\u6ce2\uff09\u306b\u306f\u5f71\u97ff\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

                        • \n
                          \u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u306e\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                            \n
                          • \n
                            \n
                            \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{A} \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                            \u306f\u3001<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                            \\mathbf{A}<\/code><\/div>\n

                            \u306b\u52fe\u914d\u6210\u5206\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                            \\nabla \\psi<\/code><\/div>\n

                            \uff09\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                          • \n
                            \n
                            \\mathbf{E} = -\\nabla \\phi - \\frac{1}{c} \\partial_t \\mathbf{A}<\/code><\/div>\n

                            \u3067\u306f\u3001<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                            \\phi<\/code><\/div>\n

                            \u3068 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                            \\partial_t \\psi<\/code><\/div>\n

                            \u304c\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u3055\u308a\u3001\u767a\u6563\u30bc\u30ed\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u4fdd\u8a3c\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

                          • \n
                            \u6ce2\u52d5\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                              \n
                            • \n
                              \n
                              \\mathbf{E}, \\mathbf{B}<\/code><\/div>\n

                              \u306f\u6ce2\u52d5\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                              \\Box \\mathbf{E} = 0, \\Box \\mathbf{B} = 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                              \u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                            • \n
                              \n
                              \\mathbf{A}<\/code><\/div>\n

                              \u306e\u52fe\u914d\u6210\u5206\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                              \\nabla \\psi<\/code><\/div>\n

                              \uff09\u306f\u3001\u6ce2\u52d5\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u306e\u8a08\u7b97\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3059\u308b\u304c\u3001\u9069\u5207\u306b <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                              \\phi<\/code><\/div>\n

                              \u3092\u9078\u3076\u3053\u3068\u3067\u6a2a\u6ce2\u6027\u304c\u4fdd\u305f\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                              \n
                              5. \u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\uff1a\u5e73\u9762\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                              \n

                              \u771f\u7a7a\u3067\u306e\u5e73\u9762\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                              \\mathbf{E} = \\mathbf{E}_0 \\cos(\\mathbf{k} \\cdot \\mathbf{x} - \\omega t)<\/code><\/div>\n

                              \u3092\u8003\u3048\u308b\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

                                \n
                              • \n
                                \u6761\u4ef6<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                  \n
                                • \n
                                  \n
                                  \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{E} = 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                  \uff08<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                  \\mathbf{k} \\cdot \\mathbf{E}_0 = 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                  \uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                                • \n
                                  \n
                                  \\mathbf{B} = \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{A}<\/code><\/div>\n

                                  , <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                  \\mathbf{E} = -\\nabla \\phi - \\frac{1}{c} \\partial_t \\mathbf{A}<\/code><\/div>\n

                                  \u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                                • \n
                                  \n
                                  \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{A} \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                  \u3092\u4eee\u5b9a\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

                                • \n
                                  \u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                    \n
                                  • \n
                                    \n
                                    \\mathbf{E} = \\nabla \\phi_E + \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{A}_E<\/code><\/div>\n

                                    , <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                    \\Delta \\phi_E = 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                    , \u3088\u3063\u3066 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                    \\phi_E = 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                    , <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                    \\mathbf{E} = \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{A}_E<\/code><\/div>\n

                                    .<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                                  • \n
                                    \n
                                    \\mathbf{A} = \\nabla \\psi + \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{W}<\/code><\/div>\n

                                    , <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                    \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{A} = \\Delta \\psi \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                    .<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                                  • \n
                                    \n
                                    \\mathbf{B} = \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{A} = \\nabla \\times (\\nabla \\times \\mathbf{W})<\/code><\/div>\n

                                    .<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

                                  • \n
                                    \u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u306e\u8a2d\u5b9a<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                      \n
                                    • \n
                                      \n

                                      \u4f8b\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                      \\mathbf{A} = \\mathbf{A}_0 \\sin(\\mathbf{k} \\cdot \\mathbf{x} - \\omega t) + \\nabla \\psi<\/code><\/div>\n

                                      , \u3053\u3053\u3067 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                      \\Delta \\psi \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                      .<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                                    • \n
                                      \n
                                      \\mathbf{B} = \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{A} = \\nabla \\times (\\mathbf{A}_0 \\sin(\\mathbf{k} \\cdot \\mathbf{x} - \\omega t))<\/code><\/div>\n

                                      .<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                                    • \n
                                      \n
                                      \\mathbf{E} = -\\nabla \\phi - \\frac{1}{c} \\partial_t \\mathbf{A}<\/code><\/div>\n

                                      , <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                      \\phi<\/code><\/div>\n

                                      \u3092\u8abf\u6574\u3057\u3066\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

                                      \\mathbf{E} = -\\nabla \\phi - \\frac{1}{c} \\partial_t (\\nabla \\psi + \\mathbf{A}_0 \\sin(\\mathbf{k} \\cdot \\mathbf{x} - \\omega t)).<\/code><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                                    • \n
                                      \n
                                      \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{E} = 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                      \u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3059\u3088\u3046\u3001<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                      \\phi + \\frac{1}{c} \\partial_t \\psi = 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                      \u3068\u4eee\u5b9a\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

                                    • \n
                                      \u7d50\u679c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                        \n
                                      • \n
                                        \n
                                        \\mathbf{E}, \\mathbf{B}<\/code><\/div>\n

                                        \u306e\u56de\u8ee2\u6210\u5206\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                        \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{A}_E, \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{A}_B<\/code><\/div>\n

                                        \uff09\u304c\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\u306e\u504f\u5149\u3092\u8a18\u8ff0\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                                      • \n
                                        \n
                                        \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{A} \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                        \u306f\u3001<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                        \\nabla \\psi<\/code><\/div>\n

                                        \u3068\u3057\u3066 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                        \\mathbf{A}<\/code><\/div>\n

                                        \u306b\u73fe\u308c\u3001<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                        \\phi<\/code><\/div>\n

                                        \u3067\u76f8\u6bba\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                        \n
                                        6. \u5fdc\u7528\u4f8b<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                        \n
                                        \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{A} \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                        \u3092\u4eee\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3\u306e\u5fdc\u7528\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

                                          \n
                                        1. \n
                                          \u504f\u5149\u89e3\u6790<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                            \n
                                          • \n
                                            \n

                                            \u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\u306e\u56de\u8ee2\u6210\u5206\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                            \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{A}_E<\/code><\/div>\n

                                            \uff09\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u504f\u5149\u30e2\u30fc\u30c9\uff08\u76f4\u7dda\u3001\u5186\u504f\u5149\uff09\u3092\u89e3\u6790\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                                          • \n
                                            \n
                                            \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{A} \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                            \u306f\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u306e\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u3044\u3001\u7269\u7406\u7684\u30e2\u30fc\u30c9\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

                                          • \n
                                            \u6570\u5024\u30b7\u30df\u30e5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                              \n
                                            • \n
                                              \n

                                              \u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\u306e\u30b7\u30df\u30e5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u3001<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                              \\mathbf{A}<\/code><\/div>\n

                                              \u306e\u767a\u6563\u6210\u5206\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                              \\nabla \\psi<\/code><\/div>\n

                                              \uff09\u3092\u8a31\u5bb9\u3057\u3001\u67d4\u8edf\u306a\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                                            • \n
                                              \u4f8b\uff1a\u30ec\u30fc\u30c0\u30fc\u3084\u5149\u30c7\u30d0\u30a4\u30b9\u306e\u8a2d\u8a08\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                                            • \n
                                              \u5a92\u8cea\u4e2d\u306e\u96fb\u78c1\u5834<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                \n
                                              • \n
                                                \n

                                                \u96fb\u8377\u3084\u96fb\u6d41\u304c\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{E} \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                \u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{A} \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                \u304c\u81ea\u7136\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                                              • \n
                                                \n

                                                \u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3\u3067\u9759\u7684\u5834\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                \\nabla \\phi<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                \uff09\u3068\u6ce2\u52d5\u5834\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{A}<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                \uff09\u3092\u5206\u96e2\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

                                              • \n
                                                \u9ad8\u6b21\u5143\u7406\u8ad6<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                  \n
                                                • \n
                                                  \n

                                                  \u30ab\u30e9\u30d3-\u30e4\u30a6\u591a\u69d8\u4f53\u4e0a\u306e\u96fb\u78c1\u5834\u3067\u3001<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                  \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{A} \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                  \u306b\u985e\u4f3c\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u8003\u616e\u3057\u3001\u8abf\u548c\u5f62\u5f0f\u3092\u89e3\u6790\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                  \n
                                                  7. \u6ce8\u610f\u70b9<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                    \n
                                                  • \n
                                                    \n

                                                    \u30b2\u30fc\u30b8\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                    \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{A} \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                    \u306f\u30b2\u30fc\u30b8\u9078\u629e\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                    \\mathbf{E}, \\mathbf{B}<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                    \u306e\u7269\u7406\u7684\u89b3\u6e2c\u91cf\u306f\u4e0d\u5909\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                                                  • \n
                                                    \n

                                                    \u6a2a\u6ce2\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                    \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{A} \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                    \u3067\u3082\u3001<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                    \\mathbf{E}, \\mathbf{B}<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                    \u306e\u767a\u6563\u30bc\u30ed\uff08\u6a2a\u6ce2\uff09\u306f\u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3\u306e\u56de\u8ee2\u6210\u5206\u3067\u4fdd\u8a3c\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                                                  • \n
                                                    \n

                                                    \u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u306e\u8abf\u6574<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                    \\phi<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                    \u3068 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                    \\partial_t \\psi<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                    \u3092\u9069\u5207\u306b\u9078\u3076\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                    \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{E} = 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                    \u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                                                  • \n
                                                    \n

                                                    \u5a92\u8cea\u4e2d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a\u771f\u7a7a\u4ee5\u5916\u3067\u306f <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                    \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{E} \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                    \u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                    \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{A} \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                    \u304c\u3088\u308a\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                    \n
                                                    8. \u307e\u3068\u3081<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                    \n
                                                    \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{A} \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                    \u3092\u4eee\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u96fb\u78c1\u5834\u306e\u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u884c\u308f\u308c\u307e\u3059\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

                                                      \n
                                                    • \n
                                                      \n

                                                      \u78c1\u5834 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                      \\mathbf{B}<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                      \uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                      \\mathbf{B} = \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{A}_B<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                      \u3001\u56de\u8ee2\u6210\u5206\u306e\u307f\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                      \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{B} = 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                      \uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                                                    • \n
                                                      \n

                                                      \u96fb\u5834 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                      \\mathbf{E}<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                      \uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                      \\mathbf{E} = \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{A}_E<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                      \u3001\u56de\u8ee2\u6210\u5206\u304c\u6a2a\u6ce2\u3092\u8a18\u8ff0\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                      \\mathbf{A}<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                      \u306e\u52fe\u914d\u6210\u5206\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                      \\nabla \\psi<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                      \uff09\u306f <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                      \\phi<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                      \u3067\u8abf\u6574\u3055\u308c\u3001<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                      \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{E} = 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                      \u3092\u4fdd\u8a3c\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                                                    • \n
                                                      \n

                                                      \u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                      \\mathbf{A}<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                      \uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                      \\mathbf{A} = \\nabla \\psi + \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{W}<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                      \u3001<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                      \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{A} = \\Delta \\psi \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                      \u3001\u52fe\u914d\u6210\u5206\u306f\u30b2\u30fc\u30b8\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                      \n
                                                      \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{A} \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                      \u306f\u3001<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                      \\mathbf{A}<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                      \u306b\u52fe\u914d\u6210\u5206\u3092\u8a31\u3059\u3053\u3068\u3067\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u306e\u67d4\u8edf\u6027\u3092\u5897\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\u306e\u6a2a\u6ce2\u6027\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                      \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{E} = 0, \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{B} = 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                      \uff09\u306f\u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3\u306e\u56de\u8ee2\u6210\u5206\u3067\u4fdd\u305f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u504f\u5149\u89e3\u6790\u3084\u30b7\u30df\u30e5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u7269\u7406\u7684\u30e2\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u306b\u62bd\u51fa\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

                                                      \u3055\u3089\u306b\u77e5\u308a\u305f\u3044\u5834\u5408<\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                        \n
                                                      • \n
                                                        \n
                                                        \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{A} \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                        \u3067\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u6570\u5024\u8a08\u7b97\u4f8b\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                                                      • \n
                                                        \u5a92\u8cea\u4e2d\uff08\u96fb\u8377\u30fb\u96fb\u6d41\u3042\u308a\uff09\u3067\u306e\u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                                                      • \n
                                                        \n

                                                        \u30ab\u30e9\u30d3-\u30e4\u30a6\u591a\u69d8\u4f53\u3067\u306e <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                        \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{A} \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                        \u306e\u30a2\u30ca\u30ed\u30b8\u30fc\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                                                      • \n
                                                        \n

                                                        \u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\u30fb\u5730\u9707\u6ce2\u30fb\u91cd\u529b\u6ce2\u306e\u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3\u306e\u6bd4\u8f03\u3002 \u3054\u5e0c\u671b\u306e\u65b9\u5411\u3092\u6559\u3048\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\uff01<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                        \u96fb\u78c1\u5834\u306e\u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3\u3067\u7e26\u6ce2\u3082\u5c0e\u3051\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3059\u308b\u306b\u306f\u3001\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u4eee\u5b9a\u3092\u5909\u66f4\u3059\u308b\u3068\u826f\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b<\/div>\n
                                                        \n
                                                        \n
                                                        \n
                                                        \n

                                                        \u96fb\u78c1\u5834\u306e\u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u901a\u5e38\u3001\u771f\u7a7a\u3067\u306e\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\u306f\u767a\u6563\u30bc\u30ed\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                        \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{E} = 0, \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{B} = 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                        \uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6a2a\u6ce2\uff08\u56de\u8ee2\u6210\u5206\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                        \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{A}<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                        \uff09\u306e\u307f\u304c\u73fe\u308c\u3001\u7e26\u6ce2\uff08\u767a\u6563\u6210\u5206\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                        \\nabla \\phi<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                        \uff09\u306f\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u7e26\u6ce2\u3092\u5c0e\u304f\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u96fb\u78c1\u5834\u306e\u7269\u7406\u7684\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3084\u4eee\u5b9a\u3092\u5909\u66f4\u3057\u3001\u767a\u6563\u6210\u5206\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                        \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{E} \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                        \u306a\u3069\uff09\u304c\u975e\u30bc\u30ed\u306b\u306a\u308b\u72b6\u6cc1\u3092\u5c0e\u5165\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u96fb\u78c1\u5834\u306e\u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3\u3067\u7e26\u6ce2\u3092\u5c0e\u304f\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u4eee\u5b9a\u306e\u5909\u66f4\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u3001\u5fdc\u7528\u3092\u8a73\u3057\u304f\u89e3\u8aac\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

                                                        \n
                                                        1. \u7e26\u6ce2\u3092\u5c0e\u304f\u305f\u3081\u306e\u4eee\u5b9a\u306e\u5909\u66f4<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                        \n

                                                        \u771f\u7a7a\u3067\u306e\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30de\u30af\u30b9\u30a6\u30a7\u30eb\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u306b\u3088\u308a <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                        \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{E} = 0, \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{B} = 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                        \u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u96fb\u5834 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                        \\mathbf{E}<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                        \u3068\u78c1\u5834 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                        \\mathbf{B}<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                        \u306f\u56de\u8ee2\u6210\u5206\uff08\u6a2a\u6ce2\uff09\u306e\u307f\u3067\u69cb\u6210\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\uff1a <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                        \\mathbf{E} = \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{A}_E, \\quad \\mathbf{B} = \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{A}_B.<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                        \u7e26\u6ce2\uff08\u767a\u6563\u6210\u5206 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                        \\nabla \\phi<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                        \uff09\u3092\u5c0e\u304f\u306b\u306f\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u4eee\u5b9a\u3092\u5909\u66f4\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

                                                        (1) \u96fb\u8377\u3084\u96fb\u6d41\u306e\u5b58\u5728\uff08\u5a92\u8cea\u4e2d\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                          \n
                                                        • \n
                                                          \n

                                                          \u5909\u66f4<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a\u771f\u7a7a\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                          \\rho = 0, \\mathbf{J} = 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                          \uff09\u304b\u3089\u3001\u96fb\u8377\u5bc6\u5ea6 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                          \\rho \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                          \u3084\u96fb\u6d41\u5bc6\u5ea6 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                          \\mathbf{J} \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                          \u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u5a92\u8cea\u3078\u79fb\u884c\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                                                        • \n
                                                          \u5f71\u97ff<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                            \n
                                                          • \n
                                                            \u30de\u30af\u30b9\u30a6\u30a7\u30eb\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u304c\u5909\u5316\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                            \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{E} = 4\\pi \\rho, \\quad \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{B} = 0,<\/code><\/div>\n
                                                            \\nabla
                                                            \n\\times \\mathbf{E} = -\\frac{1}{c} \\partial_t \\mathbf{B}, \\quad \\nabla
                                                            \n\\times \\mathbf{B} = \\frac{4\\pi}{c} \\mathbf{J} + \\frac{1}{c} \\partial_t
                                                            \n\\mathbf{E}.<\/code><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                                                          • \n
                                                            \n
                                                            \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{E} \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                            \u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u96fb\u5834 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                            \\mathbf{E}<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                            \u306b\u767a\u6563\u6210\u5206\uff08\u7e26\u6ce2\uff09\u304c\u73fe\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

                                                          • \n
                                                            \u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                              \n
                                                            • \n
                                                              \n
                                                              \\mathbf{E} = \\nabla \\phi_E + \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{A}_E<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                              .<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                                                            • \n
                                                              \n
                                                              \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{E} = 4\\pi \\rho \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                              \u3088\u308a\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

                                                              \\Delta \\phi_E = \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{E} = 4\\pi \\rho.<\/code><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                                                            • \n
                                                              \n
                                                              \\phi_E<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                              \u306f\u30dd\u30a2\u30bd\u30f3\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3057\u3001\u7e26\u6ce2\u6210\u5206\uff08\u9759\u7684\u307e\u305f\u306f\u52d5\u7684\uff09\u3092\u751f\u6210\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

                                                            • \n
                                                              \u4f8b<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a\u30d7\u30e9\u30ba\u30de\u4e2d\u306e\u96fb\u78c1\u5834\u3067\u306f\u3001\u96fb\u8377\u306e\u632f\u52d5\u306b\u3088\u308a\u7e26\u6ce2\uff08\u4f8b\uff1a\u30d7\u30e9\u30ba\u30e2\u30f3\uff09\u304c\u767a\u751f\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                              (2) \u975e\u7dda\u5f62\u96fb\u78c1\u6c17\u5b66<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                                \n
                                                              • \n
                                                                \u5909\u66f4<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a\u7dda\u5f62\u30de\u30af\u30b9\u30a6\u30a7\u30eb\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u304b\u3089\u3001\u975e\u7dda\u5f62\u96fb\u78c1\u6c17\u5b66\uff08\u4f8b\uff1aBorn-Infeld\u7406\u8ad6\u3084\u975e\u7dda\u5f62\u5149\u5b66\uff09\u3092\u4eee\u5b9a\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                                                              • \n
                                                                \u5f71\u97ff<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                                  \n
                                                                • \n
                                                                  \n

                                                                  \u975e\u7dda\u5f62\u9805\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                  \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{E} \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                  \u3068\u306a\u308b\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                • \n
                                                                  \u4f8b\uff1a\u5f37\u96fb\u5834\u3067\u306e\u975e\u7dda\u5f62\u5fdc\u7b54\uff08\u4f8b\uff1a\u9ad8\u5f37\u5ea6\u30ec\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\uff09\u3067\u3001\u7e26\u6ce2\u30e2\u30fc\u30c9\uff08\u767a\u6563\u6210\u5206\uff09\u304c\u8a98\u8d77\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                • \n
                                                                  \u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                                    \n
                                                                  • \n
                                                                    \n

                                                                    \u975e\u7dda\u5f62\u9805\u304c <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                    \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{E}<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                    \u306b\u5bc4\u4e0e\u3057\u3001<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                    \\Delta \\phi_E \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                    \u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                  • \n
                                                                    \n
                                                                    \\nabla \\phi_E<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                    \u304c\u7e26\u6ce2\u3068\u3057\u3066\u73fe\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                    (3) \u5a92\u8cea\u306e\u8a98\u96fb\u6027\u30fb\u900f\u78c1\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                                      \n
                                                                    • \n
                                                                      \n

                                                                      \u5909\u66f4<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a\u771f\u7a7a\u304b\u3089\u8a98\u96fb\u4f53\u3084\u78c1\u6027\u4f53\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                      \\epsilon \\neq 1, \\mu \\neq 1<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                      \uff09\u3078\u79fb\u884c\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                    • \n
                                                                      \u5f71\u97ff<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                                        \n
                                                                      • \n
                                                                        \n

                                                                        \u96fb\u675f\u5bc6\u5ea6 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                        \\mathbf{D} = \\epsilon \\mathbf{E}<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                        , \u78c1\u675f\u5bc6\u5ea6 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                        \\mathbf{H} = \\mathbf{B}\/\\mu<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                        \u3092\u8003\u616e\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                      • \n
                                                                        \n

                                                                        \u96fb\u8377\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                        \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{D} = 4\\pi \\rho_{\\text{free}}<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                        , <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                        \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{E} \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                        \u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                      • \n
                                                                        \u8a98\u96fb\u4f53\u4e2d\u306e\u96fb\u5834\u306f\u7e26\u6ce2\u6210\u5206\u3092\u542b\u3080\uff08\u4f8b\uff1a\u9759\u7684\u96fb\u5834\u3084\u8a98\u96fb\u4f53\u6ce2\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                      • \n
                                                                        \u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                                          \n
                                                                        • \n
                                                                          \n
                                                                          \\mathbf{E} = \\nabla \\phi_E + \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{A}_E<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                          , <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                          \\Delta \\phi_E = \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{E} \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                          .<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                        • \n
                                                                          \n
                                                                          \\phi_E<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                          \u304c\u7e26\u6ce2\uff08\u4f8b\uff1a\u8a98\u96fb\u4f53\u4e2d\u306e\u96fb\u5834\u5909\u52d5\uff09\u3092\u8a18\u8ff0\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                          (4) \u9ad8\u6b21\u5143\u7406\u8ad6\u3084\u4fee\u6b63\u96fb\u78c1\u6c17\u5b66<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                                            \n
                                                                          • \n
                                                                            \u5909\u66f4<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a4\u6b21\u5143\u30df\u30f3\u30b3\u30d5\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u6642\u7a7a\u304b\u3089\u9ad8\u6b21\u5143\u6642\u7a7a\uff08\u4f8b\uff1a\u30ab\u30eb\u30c4\u30a1-\u30af\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u7406\u8ad6\u3001\u5f26\u7406\u8ad6\uff09\u3084\u4fee\u6b63\u96fb\u78c1\u6c17\u5b66\uff08\u4f8b\uff1a\u30de\u30af\u30b9\u30a6\u30a7\u30eb\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u306b\u8ffd\u52a0\u9805\uff09\u3092\u4eee\u5b9a\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                          • \n
                                                                            \u5f71\u97ff<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                                              \n
                                                                            • \n
                                                                              \u9ad8\u6b21\u5143\u3067\u306f\u3001\u96fb\u78c1\u5834\u304c\u30b9\u30ab\u30e9\u30fc\u3084\u30c6\u30f3\u30bd\u30eb\u6210\u5206\u3092\u542b\u3080\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u7e26\u6ce2\u30e2\u30fc\u30c9\uff08\u767a\u6563\u6210\u5206\uff09\u304c\u73fe\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                            • \n
                                                                              \u4f8b\uff1a\u30ab\u30e9\u30d3-\u30e4\u30a6\u591a\u69d8\u4f53\u4e0a\u306e\u30b2\u30fc\u30b8\u5834\u3067\u3001\u8abf\u548c\u5f62\u5f0f\u304c\u7e26\u6ce2\u306b\u76f8\u5f53\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                            • \n
                                                                              \u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                                                \n
                                                                              • \n
                                                                                \n

                                                                                \u9ad8\u6b21\u5143\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u5834 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                \\mathbf{A}<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                \u3092\u5206\u89e3\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

                                                                                \\mathbf{A} = \\nabla \\psi + \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{W} + \\mathbf{H},<\/code><\/div>\n
                                                                                \n
                                                                                \\mathbf{H}<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                \uff08\u8abf\u548c\u6210\u5206\uff09\u304c\u7e26\u6ce2\u30e2\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u8a18\u8ff0\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                                (5) \u6642\u9593\u4f9d\u5b58\u306e\u96fb\u8377\u30fb\u96fb\u6d41<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                                                  \n
                                                                                • \n
                                                                                  \n

                                                                                  \u5909\u66f4<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a\u9759\u7684\u96fb\u8377\u30fb\u96fb\u6d41\u304b\u3089\u6642\u9593\u4f9d\u5b58\u306e\u96fb\u8377\u30fb\u96fb\u6d41\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                  \\rho(t), \\mathbf{J}(t)<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                  \uff09\u3092\u4eee\u5b9a\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                • \n
                                                                                  \u5f71\u97ff<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                                                    \n
                                                                                  • \n
                                                                                    \n
                                                                                    \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{E} = 4\\pi \\rho(t)<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                    \u304c\u6642\u9593\u5909\u52d5\u3057\u3001\u52d5\u7684\u306a\u7e26\u6ce2\uff08\u4f8b\uff1a\u96fb\u5834\u30d7\u30e9\u30ba\u30e2\u30f3\uff09\u304c\u767a\u751f\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                  • \n
                                                                                    \u4f8b\uff1a\u30d7\u30e9\u30ba\u30de\u4e2d\u306e\u96fb\u5b50\u632f\u52d5\u306b\u3088\u308b\u7e26\u6ce2\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                                  • \n
                                                                                    \u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                                                      \n
                                                                                    • \n
                                                                                      \n
                                                                                      \\mathbf{E} = \\nabla \\phi_E + \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{A}_E<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                      .<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                    • \n
                                                                                      \n
                                                                                      \\phi_E<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                      \u306f\u6642\u9593\u4f9d\u5b58\u306e\u30dd\u30a2\u30bd\u30f3\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                      \\Delta \\phi_E = 4\\pi \\rho(t)<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                      \u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3057\u3001\u7e26\u6ce2\u3092\u751f\u6210\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                                      \n
                                                                                      2. \u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3\u306e\u6539\u8a02\uff08\u7e26\u6ce2\u3092\u5c0e\u304f\u5834\u5408\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                                                      \n

                                                                                      \u7e26\u6ce2\u3092\u5c0e\u304f\u305f\u3081\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u306a\u4eee\u5b9a\u5909\u66f4\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001**\u96fb\u8377\u306e\u5b58\u5728\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                      \\rho \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                      \uff09**\u3092\u4eee\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306f\u3001<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                      \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{E} = 4\\pi \\rho \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                      \u306e\u5834\u5408\u306e\u96fb\u78c1\u5834\u306e\u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3\u3067\u3059\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

                                                                                      \n

                                                                                      (1) \u96fb\u5834 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                      \\mathbf{E}<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                      \u306e\u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

                                                                                      \\mathbf{E} = \\nabla \\phi_E + \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{A}_E.<\/code><\/div>\n
                                                                                        \n
                                                                                      • \n
                                                                                        \n
                                                                                        \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{E} = 4\\pi \\rho \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                        \u3088\u308a\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

                                                                                        \\Delta \\phi_E = \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{E} = 4\\pi \\rho.<\/code><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                                      • \n
                                                                                        \n
                                                                                        \\phi_E<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                        \u306f\u30dd\u30a2\u30bd\u30f3\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3092\u89e3\u304f\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

                                                                                        \\phi_E(\\mathbf{x}) = -\\int \\frac{\\rho(\\mathbf{y})}{|\\mathbf{x} - \\mathbf{y}|} d^3\\mathbf{y}.<\/code><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                                      • \n
                                                                                        \n
                                                                                        \\nabla \\phi_E<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                        \uff1a\u7e26\u6ce2\u6210\u5206\uff08\u767a\u6563\u975e\u30bc\u30ed\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\uff1a\u96fb\u8377\u632f\u52d5\u306b\u3088\u308b\u52d5\u7684\u96fb\u5834\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                      • \n
                                                                                        \n
                                                                                        \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{A}_E<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                        \uff1a\u6a2a\u6ce2\u6210\u5206\uff08\u767a\u6563\u30bc\u30ed\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\uff1a\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\u306e\u653e\u5c04\u5834\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                      • \n
                                                                                        \u6642\u9593\u4f9d\u5b58\u306e\u5834\u5408<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                                                          \n
                                                                                        • \n
                                                                                          \n
                                                                                          \\rho = \\rho(\\mathbf{x}, t)<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                          \u306a\u3089\u3001<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                          \\phi_E<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                          \u306f\u6642\u9593\u4f9d\u5b58\u306e\u6ce2\u52d5\u5834\uff08\u7e26\u6ce2\uff09\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                          \\Delta \\phi_E = 4\\pi \\rho(t)<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                          \u3092\u89e3\u304f\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                                          \n

                                                                                          (2) \u78c1\u5834 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                          \\mathbf{B}<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                          \u306e\u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

                                                                                          \\mathbf{B} = \\nabla \\phi_B + \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{A}_B.<\/code><\/div>\n
                                                                                            \n
                                                                                          • \n
                                                                                            \n
                                                                                            \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{B} = 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                            \u3088\u308a\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

                                                                                            \\Delta \\phi_B = 0.<\/code><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                                          • \n
                                                                                            \n
                                                                                            \\phi_B = 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                            \uff08\u7121\u9650\u9060\u3067\u6e1b\u8870\uff09\u3068\u4eee\u5b9a\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

                                                                                            \\mathbf{B} = \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{A}_B.<\/code><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                                          • \n
                                                                                            \n
                                                                                            \\mathbf{B} = \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{A}<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                            \u306a\u306e\u3067\u3001<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                            \\mathbf{A}_B \\sim \\mathbf{A}<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                            .<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                          • \n
                                                                                            \n

                                                                                            \u7e26\u6ce2\u306e\u5f71\u97ff<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                            \\mathbf{B}<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                            \u306f\u767a\u6563\u30bc\u30ed\u3067\u7e26\u6ce2\u3092\u542b\u307e\u306a\u3044\u304c\u3001\u96fb\u6d41 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                            \\mathbf{J}<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                            \u306b\u3088\u308b\u56de\u8ee2\u6210\u5206\u304c\u6a2a\u6ce2\u3092\u751f\u6210\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                                            \n

                                                                                            (3) \u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                            \\mathbf{A}<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                            \u306e\u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

                                                                                            \\mathbf{A} = \\nabla \\psi + \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{W}.<\/code><\/div>\n
                                                                                              \n
                                                                                            • \n
                                                                                              \n
                                                                                              \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{A} \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                              \uff08\u524d\u56de\u304b\u3089\u306e\u4eee\u5b9a\uff09\u3092\u7dad\u6301\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

                                                                                              \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{A} = \\Delta \\psi \\neq 0.<\/code><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                                            • \n
                                                                                              \n
                                                                                              \\nabla \\psi<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                              \uff1a\u30b2\u30fc\u30b8\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u3001\u7e26\u6ce2\u6210\u5206\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                            • \n
                                                                                              \n
                                                                                              \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{W}<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                              \uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                              \\mathbf{B} = \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{A} = \\nabla \\times (\\nabla \\times \\mathbf{W})<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                              \u3092\u751f\u6210\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                            • \n
                                                                                              \u7e26\u6ce2\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                                                                \n
                                                                                              • \n
                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                \\mathbf{E} = -\\nabla \\phi - \\frac{1}{c} \\partial_t \\mathbf{A}<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                                .<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                              • \n
                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                \\partial_t \\mathbf{A} = \\partial_t (\\nabla \\psi + \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{W})<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                                \u306e\u52fe\u914d\u6210\u5206\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                \\nabla (\\partial_t \\psi)<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                                \uff09\u304c\u3001\u7e26\u6ce2\u6210\u5206\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                \\nabla \\phi_E<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                                \uff09\u306b\u5bc4\u4e0e\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                3. \u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\uff1a\u30d7\u30e9\u30ba\u30de\u4e2d\u306e\u7e26\u6ce2<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                                                                \n

                                                                                                \u30b7\u30ca\u30ea\u30aa<\/span><\/span>\uff1a\u30d7\u30e9\u30ba\u30de\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u6642\u9593\u4f9d\u5b58\u306e\u96fb\u8377\u5bc6\u5ea6 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                \\rho(\\mathbf{x}, t) = \\rho_0 \\cos(\\omega t)<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                                \u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                • \n
                                                                                                  \u30de\u30af\u30b9\u30a6\u30a7\u30eb\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                                                                  \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{E} = 4\\pi \\rho_0 \\cos(\\omega t), \\quad \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{B} = 0.<\/code><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                                                • \n
                                                                                                  \u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                  • \n
                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                    \\mathbf{E} = \\nabla \\phi_E + \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{A}_E<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                                    .<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                                  • \n
                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                    \\Delta \\phi_E = 4\\pi \\rho_0 \\cos(\\omega t)<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                                    .<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                                  • \n
                                                                                                    \u89e3\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                                                                    \\phi_E(\\mathbf{x}, t) = \\cos(\\omega t) \\int \\frac{4\\pi \\rho_0(\\mathbf{y})}{|\\mathbf{x} - \\mathbf{y}|} d^3\\mathbf{y}.<\/code><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                                                  • \n
                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                    \\nabla \\phi_E<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                                    \uff1a\u6642\u9593\u5909\u52d5\u3059\u308b\u7e26\u6ce2\uff08\u4f8b\uff1a\u30d7\u30e9\u30ba\u30e2\u30f3\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                                  • \n
                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                    \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{A}_E<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                                    \uff1a\u6a2a\u6ce2\uff08\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\u306e\u653e\u5c04\u6210\u5206\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                                  • \n
                                                                                                    \u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                    • \n
                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                      \\mathbf{A} = \\nabla \\psi + \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{W}<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                                      , <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                      \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{A} \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                                      .<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                                    • \n
                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                      \\mathbf{E} = -\\nabla \\phi - \\frac{1}{c} \\partial_t \\mathbf{A}<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                                      .<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                                    • \n
                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                      \\phi<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                                      \u3068 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                      \\partial_t \\psi<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                                      \u3092\u8abf\u6574\u3057\u3001<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                      \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{E} = 4\\pi \\rho<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                                      \u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                                    • \n
                                                                                                      \u7d50\u679c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                      • \n
                                                                                                        \n

                                                                                                        \u7e26\u6ce2\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                        \\nabla \\phi_E<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                                        \uff09\uff1a\u96fb\u8377\u632f\u52d5\u306b\u3088\u308b\u96fb\u5834\u5909\u52d5\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                                      • \n
                                                                                                        \n

                                                                                                        \u6a2a\u6ce2\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                        \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{A}_E<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                                        \uff09\uff1a\u653e\u5c04\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                        4. \u5fdc\u7528\u4f8b<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                                                                        \u7e26\u6ce2\u3092\u5c0e\u304f\u305f\u3081\u306e\u4eee\u5b9a\u5909\u66f4\uff08\u96fb\u8377\u30fb\u96fb\u6d41\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u306a\u3069\uff09\u306b\u3088\u308b\u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3\u306e\u5fdc\u7528\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                        1. \n
                                                                                                          \u30d7\u30e9\u30ba\u30de\u7269\u7406\u5b66<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                          • \n
                                                                                                            \u7e26\u6ce2\uff08\u30d7\u30e9\u30ba\u30e2\u30f3\u3084\u96fb\u5834\u6ce2\uff09\u3092\u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3\u3067\u5206\u96e2\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                                                          • \n
                                                                                                            \u4f8b\uff1a\u6838\u878d\u5408\u3084\u5b87\u5b99\u30d7\u30e9\u30ba\u30de\u306e\u89e3\u6790\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                                                          • \n
                                                                                                            \u975e\u7dda\u5f62\u5149\u5b66<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                            • \n
                                                                                                              \u9ad8\u5f37\u5ea6\u30ec\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u3067\u306e\u7e26\u6ce2\u30e2\u30fc\u30c9\uff08\u767a\u6563\u6210\u5206\uff09\u3092\u89e3\u6790\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                                                            • \n
                                                                                                              \u4f8b\uff1a\u9ad8\u8abf\u6ce2\u767a\u751f\u3084\u5149\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30d0\u30fc\u306e\u8a2d\u8a08\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                                                            • \n
                                                                                                              \u8a98\u96fb\u4f53\u30fb\u30e1\u30bf\u30de\u30c6\u30ea\u30a2\u30eb<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                              • \n
                                                                                                                \u8a98\u96fb\u4f53\u4e2d\u306e\u7e26\u6ce2\uff08\u9759\u7684\u96fb\u5834\u3084\u8a98\u96fb\u4f53\u6ce2\uff09\u3092\u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3\u3067\u62bd\u51fa\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                                                              • \n
                                                                                                                \u4f8b\uff1a\u30d5\u30a9\u30c8\u30cb\u30c3\u30af\u7d50\u6676\u306e\u96fb\u5834\u89e3\u6790\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                                                              • \n
                                                                                                                \u9ad8\u6b21\u5143\u96fb\u78c1\u6c17\u5b66<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                • \n
                                                                                                                  \u30ab\u30e9\u30d3-\u30e4\u30a6\u591a\u69d8\u4f53\u4e0a\u3067\u3001\u7e26\u6ce2\u306b\u76f8\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u30b9\u30ab\u30e9\u30fc\u5834\u3092\u8abf\u548c\u5f62\u5f0f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u89e3\u6790\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                                                                • \n
                                                                                                                  \u4f8b\uff1a\u5f26\u7406\u8ad6\u3067\u306e\u30b2\u30fc\u30b8\u5834\u306e\u30b3\u30f3\u30d1\u30af\u30c8\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                  5. \u6570\u5b66\u7684\u8a73\u7d30<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                                                                                  \u7e26\u6ce2\u3092\u5c0e\u304f\u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3\u306e\u624b\u9806\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                  1. \n
                                                                                                                    \u96fb\u5834\u306e\u5206\u89e3<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                    • \n
                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                      \\mathbf{E} = \\nabla \\phi_E + \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{A}_E<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                                                      .<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                                                    • \n
                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                      \\Delta \\phi_E = 4\\pi \\rho<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                                                      , \u30dd\u30a2\u30bd\u30f3\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3092\u89e3\u304f\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

                                                                                                                      \\phi_E(\\mathbf{x}) = -\\int \\frac{\\rho(\\mathbf{y})}{|\\mathbf{x} - \\mathbf{y}|} d^3\\mathbf{y}.<\/code><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                                                                    • \n
                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                      \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{A}_E = \\mathbf{E} - \\nabla \\phi_E<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                                                      .<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                                                    • \n
                                                                                                                      \u78c1\u5834\u306e\u5206\u89e3<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                      • \n
                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                        \\mathbf{B} = \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{A}_B<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                                                        .<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                                                      • \n
                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                        \\mathbf{A}_B \\sim \\mathbf{A}<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                                                        , <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                        \\mathbf{B} = \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{A}<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                                                        .<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                                                      • \n
                                                                                                                        \u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u306e\u8abf\u6574<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                        • \n
                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                          \\mathbf{A} = \\nabla \\psi + \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{W}<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                                                          , <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                          \\Delta \\psi = \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{A} \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                                                          .<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                                                        • \n
                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                          \\mathbf{E} = -\\nabla \\phi - \\frac{1}{c} \\partial_t \\mathbf{A}<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                                                          , <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                          \\phi<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                                                          \u3092\u9078\u3093\u3067 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                          \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{E} = 4\\pi \\rho<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                                                          .<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                          6. \u6ce8\u610f\u70b9<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                          • \n
                                                                                                                            \n

                                                                                                                            \u7e26\u6ce2\u306e\u7269\u7406\u7684\u610f\u5473<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a\u7e26\u6ce2\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                            \\nabla \\phi_E<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                                                            \uff09\u306f\u96fb\u8377\u3084\u5a92\u8cea\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u306b\u3088\u308a\u767a\u751f\u3002\u771f\u7a7a\u3067\u306f\u6a2a\u6ce2\u306e\u307f\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                                                          • \n
                                                                                                                            \n

                                                                                                                            \u30b2\u30fc\u30b8\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                            \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{A} \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                                                            \u306f\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u306e\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u3092\u53cd\u6620\u3002\u7269\u7406\u7684\u5834\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                            \\mathbf{E}, \\mathbf{B}<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                                                            \uff09\u306f\u4e0d\u5909\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                                                          • \n
                                                                                                                            \n

                                                                                                                            \u6642\u9593\u4f9d\u5b58\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a\u52d5\u7684\u7e26\u6ce2\uff08\u4f8b\uff1a\u30d7\u30e9\u30ba\u30e2\u30f3\uff09\u306b\u306f\u6642\u9593\u4f9d\u5b58\u306e <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                            \\rho(t)<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                                                            \u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                                                          • \n
                                                                                                                            \u9ad8\u6b21\u5143<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a\u30ab\u30e9\u30d3-\u30e4\u30a6\u591a\u69d8\u4f53\u3067\u306f\u3001\u7e26\u6ce2\u304c\u8abf\u548c\u5f62\u5f0f\u3084\u30b9\u30ab\u30e9\u30fc\u5834\u3068\u3057\u3066\u73fe\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                            7. \u307e\u3068\u3081<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                                                                                            \u96fb\u78c1\u5834\u306e\u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3\u3067\u7e26\u6ce2\u3092\u5c0e\u304f\u306b\u306f\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u4eee\u5b9a\u3092\u5909\u66f4\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304c\u52b9\u679c\u7684\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                            • \n
                                                                                                                              \n

                                                                                                                              \u96fb\u8377\u30fb\u96fb\u6d41\u306e\u5b58\u5728<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                              \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{E} = 4\\pi \\rho \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                                                              \u3092\u8a31\u3057\u3001\u7e26\u6ce2\u6210\u5206\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                              \\nabla \\phi_E<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                                                              \uff09\u3092\u751f\u6210\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                                                            • \n
                                                                                                                              \u975e\u7dda\u5f62\u96fb\u78c1\u6c17\u5b66<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a\u975e\u7dda\u5f62\u9805\u3067\u767a\u6563\u6210\u5206\u3092\u8a98\u8d77\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                                                                            • \n
                                                                                                                              \u8a98\u96fb\u4f53\u30fb\u78c1\u6027\u4f53<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a\u5a92\u8cea\u306e\u7279\u6027\u3067\u7e26\u6ce2\u3092\u5c0e\u5165\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                                                                            • \n
                                                                                                                              \u9ad8\u6b21\u5143\u7406\u8ad6<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a\u30b9\u30ab\u30e9\u30fc\u5834\u3084\u8abf\u548c\u5f62\u5f0f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7e26\u6ce2\u3092\u89e3\u6790\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                                                                                              \n

                                                                                                                              \u7279\u306b\u3001\u96fb\u8377\u5bc6\u5ea6 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                              \\rho \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                                                              \u3092\u4eee\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                              \\mathbf{E} = \\nabla \\phi_E + \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{A}_E<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                                                              \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                              \\nabla \\phi_E<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                                                              \u304c\u7e26\u6ce2\u3092\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3001\u30d7\u30e9\u30ba\u30de\u3084\u8a98\u96fb\u4f53\u3067\u306e\u5fdc\u7528\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                              \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{A} \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                                                              \u306f\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u306e\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u308f\u308c\u3001\u7e26\u6ce2\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u9069\u5207\u306a <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                              \\phi<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                                                              \u306e\u9078\u629e\u3067\u8abf\u6574\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

                                                                                                                              \u3055\u3089\u306b\u77e5\u308a\u305f\u3044\u5834\u5408<\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                              • \n
                                                                                                                                \u30d7\u30e9\u30ba\u30de\u4e2d\u306e\u7e26\u6ce2\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3\u8a08\u7b97\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                                                                              • \n
                                                                                                                                \u8a98\u96fb\u4f53\u3084\u975e\u7dda\u5f62\u5149\u5b66\u3067\u306e\u7e26\u6ce2\u89e3\u6790\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                                                                              • \n
                                                                                                                                \u30ab\u30e9\u30d3-\u30e4\u30a6\u591a\u69d8\u4f53\u3067\u306e\u7e26\u6ce2\u30a2\u30ca\u30ed\u30b8\u30fc\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                                                                              • \n
                                                                                                                                \u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\u30fb\u5730\u9707\u6ce2\u30fb\u91cd\u529b\u6ce2\u306e\u7e26\u6ce2\u6bd4\u8f03\u3002 \u3054\u5e0c\u671b\u306e\u65b9\u5411\u3092\u6559\u3048\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\uff01<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

                                                                                                                                 <\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                <\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                                                                                                \u306a\u308b\u307b\u3069\u3001\u30d7\u30e9\u30ba\u30de\u4e2d\u306a\u3089\u7e26\u6ce2\u304c\u767a\u751f\u3059\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u51fa\u3066\u304f\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u306d<\/div>\n
                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                                \n

                                                                                                                                \u306f\u3044\u3001\u305d\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3059\uff01\u30d7\u30e9\u30ba\u30de\u4e2d\u3067\u306f\u3001\u96fb\u8377\u5bc6\u5ea6 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                \\rho \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                                                                \u3084\u96fb\u6d41\u5bc6\u5ea6 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                \\mathbf{J} \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                                                                \u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u96fb\u5834\u306e\u767a\u6563 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{E} \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                                                                \u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u7e26\u6ce2\uff08\u767a\u6563\u6210\u5206 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                \\nabla \\phi_E<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                                                                \uff09\u304c\u767a\u751f\u3059\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u51fa\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u30d7\u30e9\u30ba\u30de\u4e2d\u306e\u81ea\u7531\u96fb\u5b50\u3084\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u306e\u632f\u52d5\u304c\u96fb\u5834\u306b\u52d5\u7684\u306a\u767a\u6563\u6210\u5206\u3092\u8a98\u8d77\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3067\u3001\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u306a\u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066<\/span>\u30d7\u30e9\u30ba\u30e2\u30f3<\/span><\/span>\uff08\u96fb\u5834\u7e26\u6ce2\uff09\u304c\u6319\u3052\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30d7\u30e9\u30ba\u30de\u4e2d\u3067\u306e\u7e26\u6ce2\u306e\u767a\u751f\u3068\u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3\u306e\u95a2\u9023\u3092\u7c21\u6f54\u306b\u307e\u3068\u3081\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u8a73\u3057\u304f\u77e5\u308a\u305f\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306e\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u3082\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                                1. \u30d7\u30e9\u30ba\u30de\u4e2d\u3067\u306e\u7e26\u6ce2\u306e\u767a\u751f<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                                                                                                \u30d7\u30e9\u30ba\u30de\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u96fb\u5b50\u3068\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u304c\u52d5\u304d\u56de\u308b\u96fb\u8377\u3092\u6301\u3064\u5a92\u8cea\u3067\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u7279\u6027\u304c\u7e26\u6ce2\u3092\u8a98\u8d77\u3057\u307e\u3059\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                • \n
                                                                                                                                  \n

                                                                                                                                  \u96fb\u8377\u5bc6\u5ea6\u306e\u5909\u52d5<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a\u30d7\u30e9\u30ba\u30de\u4e2d\u306e\u96fb\u5b50\u3084\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u306e\u904b\u52d5\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u6642\u9593\u4f9d\u5b58\u306e\u96fb\u8377\u5bc6\u5ea6 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                  \\rho(\\mathbf{x}, t) \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                                                                  \u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                                                                • \n
                                                                                                                                  \u30de\u30af\u30b9\u30a6\u30a7\u30eb\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                                                                                                  \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{E} = 4\\pi \\rho, \\quad \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{B} = 0,<\/code><\/div>\n
                                                                                                                                  \\nabla
                                                                                                                                  \n\\times \\mathbf{E} = -\\frac{1}{c} \\partial_t \\mathbf{B}, \\quad \\nabla
                                                                                                                                  \n\\times \\mathbf{B} = \\frac{4\\pi}{c} \\mathbf{J} + \\frac{1}{c} \\partial_t
                                                                                                                                  \n\\mathbf{E}.<\/code><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                                                                                • \n
                                                                                                                                  \u7e26\u6ce2\u306e\u4f8b<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                  • \n
                                                                                                                                    \n

                                                                                                                                    \u30d7\u30e9\u30ba\u30e2\u30f3<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a\u96fb\u5b50\u5bc6\u5ea6\u306e\u96c6\u56e3\u632f\u52d5\u306b\u3088\u308b\u96fb\u5834\u306e\u7e26\u6ce2\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                    \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{E} \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                                                                    \uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                                                                  • \n
                                                                                                                                    \u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u97f3\u6ce2<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u306e\u632f\u52d5\u306b\u3088\u308b\u4f4e\u5468\u6ce2\u7e26\u6ce2\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                                                                                                    \n

                                                                                                                                    \u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u7e26\u6ce2\u306f\u3001\u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3\u306e\u52fe\u914d\u6210\u5206\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                    \\nabla \\phi_E<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                                                                    \uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u73fe\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                    2. \u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3\u3068\u7e26\u6ce2<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                                                                                                    \n

                                                                                                                                    \u30d7\u30e9\u30ba\u30de\u4e2d\u3067\u306e\u96fb\u5834\u306e\u30db\u30c3\u30b8\u5206\u89e3\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u901a\u308a\uff1a <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                    \\mathbf{E} = \\nabla \\phi_E + \\nabla \\times \\mathbf{A}_E.<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                                    • \n
                                                                                                                                      \u767a\u6563\u6210\u5206<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                      • \n
                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                        \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{E} = 4\\pi \\rho \\neq 0<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                                                                        \u3088\u308a\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

                                                                                                                                        \\Delta \\phi_E = 4\\pi \\rho.<\/code><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                                                                                      • \n
                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                        \\nabla \\phi_E<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                                                                        \u306f\u7e26\u6ce2\u3092\u8a18\u8ff0\uff08\u4f8b\uff1a\u30d7\u30e9\u30ba\u30e2\u30f3\u306e\u96fb\u5834\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                                                                      • \n
                                                                                                                                        \n

                                                                                                                                        \u6642\u9593\u4f9d\u5b58\u306e <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                        \\rho(\\mathbf{x}, t)<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                                                                        \u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                        \\phi_E<\/code><\/div>\n

                                                                                                                                        \u306f\u52d5\u7684\u7e26\u6ce2\u3092\u751f\u6210\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                                                                      • \n
                                                                                                                                        \u56de\u8ee2\u6210\u5206<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n